[329][330][331], Education in Canada is for the most part provided publicly, funded and overseen by federal, provincial, and local governments. [162][163] Peace, order, and good government, alongside an Implied Bill of Rights, are founding principles of the Canadian government. [79] This caused the collapse of the Plains Bison in western Canada and the introduction of European cattle farms and wheat fields dominating the land. [84] Volunteers sent to the Western Front later became part of the Canadian Corps, which played a substantial role in the Battle of Vimy Ridge and other major engagements of the war. [206], Common law prevails everywhere except in Quebec, where civil law predominates. WebLearn about Canadas response to the Russian invasion of Ukraine. Economic nationalism and family controlled pyramidal groups in Canada", "Mapping Canada's Top Manufacturing Industries", "Spending on research and development, 2019 (final), 2020 (preliminary) and 2021 (intentions)", "Canadian Nobel Prize in Science Laureates", "Canada ranked fourth in the world for scientific research", "Internet Usage and Population in North America", "Global Innovation Index 2022, 15th Edition", "2005 Albert Lasker Basic Medical Research Award", "Top ten Canadian scientific achievements", "James Hillier, 91, Dies; Co-Developed Electron Microscope", "An overview of Canadian space robotics activities", "The Canadian Aerospace Industry praises the federal government for recognizing Space as a strategic capability for Canada", "Despite pandemic, Canada's population grows at fastest rate in G7: census", "Canada to take in 1.3 million immigrants in 202224", "2019 Annual Report to Parliament on Immigration", "Canada now brings in more refugees than the U.S.", "Profile table, Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population Canada [Country]", "2006 Census: Portrait of the Canadian Population in 2006, by Age and Sex", "Canadian Male and Female Life Expectancy Rates by Province and Territory", "Health Status of Canadians How healthy are we? [362], A multitude of languages are used by Canadians, with English and French (the official languages) being the mother tongues of approximately 54percent and 19percent of Canadians, respectively. The nation employs a professional, volunteer force of approximately 68,000 active personnel and 27,000 reserve personnel, increasing to 71,500 and 30,000 respectively under "Strong, Secure, Engaged" with a sub-component of approximately 5,000 Canadian Rangers. WebVisit our Campus. A fuel pump is seen in a car at a gas station in Toronto April 22, 2014. [226][227] Canada nevertheless has an independent foreign policy. [130], Canada can be divided into seven physiographic regions: the Canadian Shield, the interior plains, the Great Lakes-St. Lawrence Lowlands, the Appalachian region, the Western Cordillera, Hudson Bay Lowlands and the Arctic Archipelago. [368] There are also clusters of Acadians in southwestern Nova Scotia, on Cape Breton Island, and through central and western Prince Edward Island. [164][165], At the federal level, Canada has been dominated by two relatively centrist parties practising "brokerage politics",[a] the centre-left leaning Liberal Party of Canada and the centre-right leaning Conservative Party of Canada (or its predecessors). Some of the most common non-official first languages include Mandarin (679,255 first-language speakers), Punjabi (666,585), Cantonese (553,380), Spanish (538,870), Arabic (508,410), Tagalog (461,150), Italian (319,505), and German (272,865). [99], Finally, another series of constitutional conferences resulted in the UK's Canada Act 1982, the patriation of Canada's constitution from the United Kingdom, concurrent with the creation of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. The border of Canada with the US is the longest bi-national land border in the world. [278] It is furthermore home to the headquarters of a number of global technology firms. Despite Canadas great size, it is one of the worlds most sparsely populated countries. [125] Canada also has vast maritime terrain, with the world's longest coastline of 243,042 kilometres (151,019mi). [422][423] Canadian coins feature many of these symbols: the loon on the $1 coin, the Arms of Canada on the 50 piece, and the beaver on the nickel. The vast Athabasca oil sands and other oil reserves give Canada 13percent of global oil reserves, comprising the world's third-largest share after Venezuela and Saudi Arabia. [274] Many towns in northern Canada, where agriculture is difficult, are sustained by nearby mines or sources of timber. From north to south it spans more than half the Northern Hemisphere. [216] Canada is also a member of various other international and regional organizations and forums for economic and cultural affairs. [449] The nature of Canadian art reflects these diverse origins, as artists have taken their traditions and adapted these influences to reflect the reality of their lives in Canada. [466] Calixa Lavalle wrote the music, which was a setting of a patriotic poem composed by the poet and judge Sir Adolphe-Basile Routhier. [136] In non-coastal regions, snow can cover the ground for almost six months of the year, while in parts of the north snow can persist year-round. Ontario. [48] In 1600, the French established their first seasonal trading post at Tadoussac along the Saint Lawrence. [205] The governor general appoints its nine members on the advice of the prime minister and minister of justice. [42] No further European exploration occurred until 1497, when Italian seafarer John Cabot explored and claimed Canada's Atlantic coast in the name of King Henry VII of England. [32][33], Although not without conflict, European Canadians' early interactions with First Nations and Inuit populations were relatively peaceful. As a consequence of various armed conflicts, France ceded nearly all of its colonies in North America in 1763. Later that year, the name of the national holiday was changed from Dominion Day to Canada Day. [305][306], Canada's population density, at 4.2 inhabitants per square kilometre (11/sqmi), is among the lowest in the world. [138] Canada's annual average temperature over land has warmed by 1.7C (3.1F), with changes ranging from 1.1 to 2.3C (2.0 to 4.1F) in various regions, since 1948. While a variety of theories have been postulated for the etymological origins of Canada, the name is now accepted as coming from the St. Lawrence Iroquoian word kanata, meaning "village" or "settlement". In my time at Caada College, I had the amazing opportunity to grow as a leader. [424] The penny, removed from circulation in 2013, featured the maple leaf. COVID-19 vaccines have helped protect us. [430] By the 1990s, Canadian literature was viewed as some of the world's best. [9] In 1535, Indigenous inhabitants of the present-day Quebec City region used the word to direct French explorer Jacques Cartier to the village of Stadacona. One of North Americas largest urban green spaces, Stanley Park is revered for its dramatic forest-and-mountain oceanfront views. Contracts with government. WebCanada has ten provinces and three territories that are sub-national administrative divisions under the jurisdiction of the Canadian Constitution.In the 1867 Canadian Confederation, three provinces of British North AmericaNew Brunswick, Nova Scotia, and the Province of Canada (which upon Confederation was divided into Ontario and Quebec)united to Sell your goods or services to the government [328] An increasing problem in Canada's health system is a lack of healthcare professionals. English and French are its [106] The radical Front de libration du Qubec (FLQ) ignited the October Crisis with a series of bombings and kidnappings in 1970[107] and the sovereignist Parti Qubcois was elected in 1976, organizing an unsuccessful referendum on sovereignty-association in 1980. [13] By the 1950s, the term Dominion of Canada was no longer used by the United Kingdom, which considered Canada a "Realm of the Commonwealth". Virtual Tour Schedule a Tour. [111] In 1997, the Supreme Court ruled unilateral secession by a province would be unconstitutional and the Clarity Act was passed by parliament, outlining the terms of a negotiated departure from Confederation. [461] The Canadian Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences presents Canada's music industry awards, the Juno Awards, which were first awarded in 1970. [454] The Group of Seven were painters with a nationalistic and idealistic focus, who first exhibited their distinctive works in May 1920. This spring, Hudson's Bay Company is set to open Zellers stores inside 25 The Bay locations across Canada. The text was originally only in French before it was adapted into English in 1906. [210], Canadian Aboriginal law provides certain constitutionally recognized rights to land and traditional practices for Indigenous groups in Canada. Given its abundant natural resources, highly skilled labor force, and modern capital stock, Canada enjoyed solid economic growth from 1993 through 2007. [391][392] Canada has the second-largest national Sikh population, behind India. [70][71] Canada assumed control of Rupert's Land and the North-Western Territory to form the Northwest Territories, where the Mtis' grievances ignited the Red River Rebellion and the creation of the province of Manitoba in July 1870. [244], Canada is a federation composed of ten federated states called provinces and three federal territories. As much a piece of history as a natural wonder, Canadas. .ca. WebCanada is a country to the north of the United States. Winters can be harsh in many parts of the country, particularly in the interior and Prairie provinces, which experience a continental climate, where daily average temperatures are near 15C (5F), but can drop below 40C (40F) with severe wind chills. [94] After two referendums, Newfoundlanders voted to join Canada in 1949 as a province. Canada, the second largest country in the world in area (after Russia), occupying roughly the northern two-fifths of the continent of North America. [120] In 2021, the remains of hundreds of Indigenous people were discovered near the former sites of Canadian Indian residential schools. [23] The characteristics of Indigenous societies included permanent settlements, agriculture, complex societal hierarchies, and trading networks. Of all Canadas top sights, Banff National Park justifiably ranks as many peoples number one. [326][327] The Commonwealth Fund's 2021 report comparing the healthcare systems of the 11 most developed countries ranked Canada second-to-last. Zellers canada locations 2023. [224] Canada seeks to expand its ties to Pacific Rim economies through membership in the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation forum (APEC). The Programme for International Student Assessment indicates Canadian students perform well above the OECD average, particularly in mathematics, science, and reading,[345][346] ranking the overall knowledge and skills of Canadian 15-year-olds as the sixth-best in the world, although these scores have been declining in recent years. [225], Canada and the United States share the world's longest undefended border, co-operate on military campaigns and exercises, and are each other's largest trading partner. [293] Canada is a participant in the International Space Station (ISS), and is a pioneer in space robotics, having constructed the Canadarm, Canadarm2 and Dextre robotic manipulators for the ISS and NASA's Space Shuttle. [429] Since the 1980s, Canada's ethnic and cultural diversity has been openly reflected in its literature. [464] "The Maple Leaf Forever", written in 1866, was a popular patriotic song throughout English Canada and for many years served as an unofficial national anthem. The territories being creatures of the federal government, changes to their role and division of powers may be performed unilaterally by the Parliament of Canada. [54] Mainland Nova Scotia came under British rule with the 1713 Treaty of Utrecht, and Canada and most of New France came under British rule in 1763 after the Seven Years' War. [360] The 2021 census indicated that 8.3million people, or almost one-quarter (23.0percent) of the population, reported themselves as being or having been a landed immigrant or permanent resident in Canadaabove the 1921 census previous record of 22.3percent. [333][334] Education in Canada is generally divided into primary education, followed by secondary education and post-secondary. To register, contact media@hrsdc-rhdcc.gc.ca with your name and media outlet before 10:00 a.m. EST on Thursday, January 19, 2023.Please indicate if attendance will be in-person or virtual. [245] Provinces and territories have responsibility for social programs such as health care, education, and welfare,[246] as well as administration of justice (but not criminal law). Of all Canadas top sights, Banff National Park justifiably ranks as many peoples number one. [471] Great achievements in Canadian sports are recognized by Canada's Sports Hall of Fame,[472] while the Lou Marsh Trophy is awarded annually to Canada's top athlete by a panel of journalists. In addition, Canada is the single largest foreign supplier of energy to the United States. It is the worlds second-largest country by total area, although as a whole the country is sparsely populated. Canada is also bounded by the Arctic Ocean to the north, by the Atlantic Ocean to the east and the Pacific Ocean to the west. Given its abundant natural resources, highly skilled labor force, and modern capital stock, Canada enjoyed solid economic growth from 1993 through 2007. [371] Several Indigenous languages have official status in the Northwest Territories. After a tumultuous first two seasons on the job, Matt Canada will return as the Pittsburgh Steelers' offensive coordinator in 2023, according to the Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. [201] The Constitution Act, 1867 (known as the British North America Act, 1867 prior to 1982), affirmed governance based on parliamentary precedent and divided powers between the federal and provincial governments. [137], Much of Northern Canada is covered by ice and permafrost. Chris Bolin/The Globe and Mail. [68] The Anglo-Russian Treaty of Saint Petersburg (1825) established the border along the Pacific coast, but, even after the US Alaska Purchase of 1867, disputes continued about the exact demarcation of the AlaskaYukon and AlaskaBC border. [412] During the 20th century, Canadians with African, Caribbean and Asian nationalities have added to the Canadian identity and its culture. Canada, the second largest country in the world in area (after Russia), occupying roughly the northern two-fifths of the continent of North America. [279] Canada has one of the highest levels of Internet access in the world, with over 33million users, equivalent to around 94 percent of its total 2014 population. 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