The basic downside to rigid foam insulation is that it is more expensive than some other forms of insulation. Treat screws . Section R403.3.4 Termite damage Paint the drywall surface with the color that you prefer. Some building codes require a 2- to 6-in. Use your backfill soil to hold the bottom of the flashing in place. Rigid foam insulation commonly contains a thermoplastic ingredient called polystyrene. The minimum insulation requirements for ceilings, walls, floors, and foundations in new homes, as listed in the 2009, 2012, 2015,2018, and 2021 IECC and IRC, can be found in this table. Rigid Foam Board Interior Insulation for Existing Foundation Walls, Continuous Rigid Insulation Sheathing/Siding (1), Continuous Rigid Insulation Sheathing/Siding (2), Insulate Your Basement, Part 3: Insulate the Walls and Rim Joists, Existing Whole-House Solutions Case Study: Deep Energy Retrofit of 1910 House, Portland, Oregon, Technology Solutions Case Study: Moisture Durability of Vapor Permeable Insulating Sheathing, Technology Solutions Case Study: Cladding Attachment Over Thick Exterior Insulating Sheathing, Mass Save Deep Energy Retrofit Builder Guide, GM-1302, The 2018 International Building Code: A Compilation of Wind Resistant Provisions, Specifying Rigid Foam Insulation for NFPA 285 Fire Requirements, FEMA P-757: Mitigation Assessment Team Report - Hurricane Ike in Texas and Louisiana, Overview of FEMA P-804, 2010 Edition: Wind Retrofit Guide for Residential Buildings, Habitat for Humanity South Sarasota County, 2009 and 2012 IECC Code Level Insulation ENERGY STAR Requirements, ENERGY STAR Certified Homes Implementation Timeline, 2021 International Energy Conservation Code (IECC), 2009International Residential Code (IRC). Section R703.11.2 Foam plastic sheathing 3.1.2 Achieves 133% of the total UA resulting fromthe U-factors in 2009 IECC Table 402.1.3, per guidance in Footnote 4d, AND specified home infiltration does not exceed the following:5, 6, Thermal Enclosure System 1. of rigid foam insulation on the slab and float the subflooring above. Section R703.11.2 Foam plastic sheathing (Insulation over foam plastic sheathing in 2018 and 2021 IRC) http://www.certainteed.com/Products/340523, http://styro.net/FoundationandICFCoatings.html, Implementing Energy-Saving Advice Isnt Always Easy, Upgrading Five Common Building Assemblies, Webinar: Choosing Materials and Products for a Green Home. Rigid foam insulation offers a thermal resistance between R-5 and R-8, roughly twice that offered by traditional batt insulation. Prepare the wall sheathing for air/water control membrane. He'll take out his lighter and show you.) If you have difficulty finding them, you can use a finder or manually measure 16 inches from the edge, measure another 16 inches from that point again, and so on. Floors: At exterior vertical surface of floor insulation in all climate zones and, if over unconditioned space, also at interior horizontal surface including supports to ensure alignment. The minimum insulation requirements for ceilings, walls, floors, and foundations in new homes, as listed in the 2009, 2012, 2015, 2018, and 2021IECC and IRC, can be found in thistable. Cut the insulation with a knife, a rotary tool, or scissors. Connect the air control membrane to the air control layer of adjacent assemblies in a tight and durable manner. In Figures 1 and 2, the wall siding is represented as lap siding, which could be wood, vinyl, or fiber cement lap siding. Not only does rigid foam keep cold drafts from seeping into your home, but it also stops any that already exist. Like Reply Raye Mac 10 months ago I really needed to know this! If the exterior of the rigid foam serves as the water control layer, the air control layer would still be house wrap or paint-on membrane that is installed between the existing house sheathing and the rigid foam. 5. How long does rigid foam insulation last? 4. if(typeof ez_ad_units != 'undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[336,280],'airflowacademy_com-banner-1','ezslot_8',105,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-airflowacademy_com-banner-1-0');Expanded polystyrene (EPS) is used chiefly in packaging to prevent the contents from breaking. Table N1102.4.1.1 (R402.4.1.1) Air barrier and insulation installation, Retrofit: 2009, 2012, 2015, 2018, and 2021 IRC, Section R102.7.1 Additions, alterations, or repairs. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. While we continually update our database, links may have changed since posting. Install a continuous air/water control layer to the original sheathing or to the insulation sheathing. Lennox El296E Vs El296V: What Are The Differences? 3.1 Specified ceiling, wall, floor, and slab insulation levels comply with one of the following options: This is because foam insulation is made up of plastic. Insulate the ceiling as well as the walls. While we continually update our database, links may have changed since posting. Line up the first furring strip on the bottom chalk line. We've curated below the most common questions asked about our top rigid insulation choices: THERMAX Polyiso Insulation and STYROFOAM XPS Insulation.With increased attention on resiliency and building code requirements of late, the most asked topics are about mildew, flame spread requirements, and how to material storage. The most common approach is to apply a stucco-like "parged" finish with a surface-bonding cement. I am considering using one of these coatings from Styro industries (http://styro.net/FoundationandICFCoatings.html) when I do a retrofit on a small house I own. For other types of spray foam insulation, the vapor permeance of the installed thickness must be at least 1.0 perm. Foam Board Insulation . How Close Can A Generator Be To A Propane Tank? 3.4.2 Structural Insulated Panels OR; Insulated Concrete Forms OR; Double-wall framing OR;17,20 diameter unless otherwise indicated by the manufacturer. Then, pressure and heat are applied to fuse the beads together. (See code for additional requirements and exceptions.). Begin putting a handful of adhesive on the back side of the drywall. Refer to the current adopted building and energy codes for information on appropriate levels of insulation for the different climate zones as well as the proper ratios of vapor and air impermeable and permeable insulation. Rigid Foam Insulation - Total Average Cost per square foot: $1.73: $2.40: $3.13: Cost can add up quickly, especially if you're a novice and have never attempted a Rigid Foam Insulation installation before. Prepare the wall sheathing for air/water control membrane. Footnote 8)All insulated vertical surfaces are considered walls (e.g., above and below grade exterior walls, knee walls) and must meet the air barrier requirements for walls. This creates a vapor impermeable layer on the exterior of the existing wall. You must be a magazine subscriber to access this feature. Most seals only prevent one or the other, but rigid foam insulation does both. The following authors and organizations contributed to the content in this Guide. Those which are placed indoors are prone and considered a fire hazard. Spray Insulation for buildings is typically made of polyurethane in more traditional techniques. Remove windows and doors and trim to allow for proper flashing of the window and door openings, and to permit the installation of air control transition membranes. Air seal the window and door units to the air control transition membranes at the interior perimeter of the window and door units. Section N1101.12.1 (N1101.4 in 2009 IECC) Building thermal envelope insulation The UV rays will cause discoloration and deterioration. Spray foam insulation is easier to install than rigid foam insulation. Fasten the gypsum board using a concrete fastener screw. Covering up exposed foundation with siding/insulation, Covering exposed glass fiber insulation in basement ceiling. In addition, this type of insulation can stop air from getting in and out of your home. To install, you load spray foam into an applicator and spray it directly onto the walls of your RV, in the space where the rigid foam sheets would go. I dont recommend using fiberglass in the basement at all. The foam sheets can be anywhere from -inch to six inches thick, depending on the R-value and manufacturer. One method for increasing the insulation level of the walls in existing homes is to remove the exterior cladding and install rigid foam insulation, possibly new house wrap, and new exterior cladding over the walls. Alternatives in Footnotes 11 & 12.10, 11, 12 Flash window and door rough openings as well as all wall penetrations. Part 2 of 2. Before you start your crawl space encapsulation insulation project, take a look at this. This layer may also serve as the water control layer, or the surface of the rigid foam can serve as the water control layer if all seams are sealed, as shown in Figure 2. The complete source for building, designing, and remodeling green homes. What is rigid foam insulation made from? If it's internal then there are a number of different possibilities. Don't know the best place to purchase rigid foam insulation for your project? This can help you decide whether you are going to ask for help on this one or not. The exterior foam layer should be foil-faced polyisocyanurate or XPS and the layer should be at least 1 inch thick. Q. It is available in several thicknesses and R-values. ENERGY EFFICIENCY AND RENEWABLE ENERGY, Forrestal Building 6. Re-install windows and doors or install new windows and doors in properly flashed openings. Nonetheless, it is the cheapest rigid foam insulation available. Make sure to place it perpendicular to the joists and fasten the plywood with some roofing nails. The DOE Zero Energy Ready Home Program is a voluntary high-performance home labeling program for new homes operated by the U.S. Department of Energy. Repeat to cover the entire wall or ceiling. In short, rigid foam is a perfect alternative to commonly used fiberglass batt insulation. (See code for additional requirements and exceptions.). 2.1 Flashing at bottom of exterior walls with weep holes included for masonry veneer and weep screed for stucco cladding systems, or equivalent drainage system.9 If there is no vapor barrier below the slab, or you're not sure, it's best to add a vapor barrier . It's good up to 2,000 degrees. Video from Cold Climate Housing Research Center on complete wall system construction guidelines in cold climates. Install flashings and air control transitions. Right This coated OSB sheathing product is available with an integrated insulation layer. The map in Figure 2 shows the climate zones for states that have adopted energy codes equivalent to the IECC 2021. Like fiberglass and cellulose, traditional insulation tends to absorb moisture from the surrounding air. After the rigid foam has been applied to the wall, apply pressure for 30 seconds. Champion Vs Predator Vs Honda Dual Fuel Generator Which Is Right For You? If there is a wetting event (e.g., a plumbing leak) that causes the existing wall structure to become wet, it is important that the wall is able to dry to the inside. 5 Ways to Insulate Windows for Winter Rigid foam insulation, whether it is expanded or extruded polystyrene, does have to be covered if it is installed in the interior of a building. . You must have JavaScript enabled to use this form. 301. Two common methods are to install a product like Nudo Groundbreaker or Protecto Bond. This step not only increases the wall R-value, it can also greatly improve the performance of the walls to control the movement of air, vapor, and water through the walls. Video describing exterior rigid foam insulation. It is not a good idea if you want to put fiberglass over rigid foam insulation on the basement walls. For a more in-depth analysis of each rating, see below. Place the gypsum board on top of the wood scraps and press it on the rigid foam board. Some codes say that if your crawlspace is connected to a basement, you need to cover the foam with an ignition barrier like 1/4-inch plywood or particleboard. R Value This product is made in Australia from a fire retardant expanded polystyrene core (FR-EPS) with pure aluminium foil directly laminated to both sides. Rigid foam has a closed-cell structure that does not allow air to pass through it. Also Check: Life Is Good Insulated Water Bottle. The vertical furring strips also provide the means of attachment for the exterior siding. Footnote 4)Two alternatives are provided: a) Grade II cavity insulation is permitted to be used for assemblies that contain a layer of continuous, air impermeable insulation R-3 in Climate Zones 1 to 4, R-5 in Climate Zones 5 to 8; b) Grade II batts are permitted to be used in floors if they fill the full depth of the floor cavity, even when compression occurs due to excess insulation, as long as the R-value of the batts has been appropriately assessed based on manufacturer guidance and the only defect preventing the insulation from achieving Grade I is the compression caused by the excess insulation. Climate zone-specific requirements specified in the IECC are shown in theCompliance Tabof this guide. So what are you going to use to cover them? Aaron, This is why having this task done by a professional is essential. You'll want a good mason to do this so it looks good and lasts. Use metal or plastic reinforcing to strengthen the cement parging on foundation foam boards. As such, 2" x 4" walls are generally not deep enough . Using high-efficiency and ultra-efficient insulation along with professional installation (e.g., no gaps, voids, compression, or misalignment with air barriers, complete air barriers,and minimal thermal bridging) creates conditioned spaces that require very little heating and cooling, along with even comfort and quiet throughout the house. The furring strips should run vertically from floor to ceiling, or from eaves to rafters, if you are installing them on a sloped ceiling.Use 2-1/2 inch deck screws to drive the furring strips into the foam and the wood framing beyond. What are the benefits of using rigid foam insulation? "Is there a recommended amount to extend the protection below grade to protect from insects?". 3. ENERGY STAR Certified Homes requires that ceiling, wall, floor, and slab insulation levels meet or exceed those specified in the 2009 International Energy Conservation Code (IECC) with some alternatives and exceptions,and achieve Grade 1 installation per RESNET Standards (see2009 and 2012 IECC Code Level Insulation ENERGY STAR RequirementsandInsulation Installation (RESNET Grade 1). Install furring strips over insulating sheathing and attach to structure (structural sheathing and/or framing) through insulating sheathing. Section N1101.16 (N1101.9 in 2009 IECC) Certificate (Mandatory) The insulating sheathing is held in place by vertical furring strips, along with other attachments per manufacturers instructions. Set the material aside first. Unlike fiberglass, rigid foam insulation does not absorb water and has a smooth surface that prevents mold build-up. 10. Consult the manufacturers instructions(Walls & Ceilings 2017). If flexible air barriers such as house wrap are used, they shall be fully sealed at all seams and edges and supported using fasteners with caps or heads 1 in. Secure the straightedge alongside the cutting line to help you make a precise incision. This PickHVAC Foam Board Insulation Guide covers the types, best uses for each, their R-values, prices and more. If the foam insulation is placed outside, If you're unable to cover it right away, make sure to do so within 60 days of its installment. Section R302.10 Flame spread index and smoke developed index for insulation Case study describing research about using exterior, vapor permeable insulation of retrofit walls with vapor permeable cavity insulation. You will know whether the rigid foam insulation needs a vapor barrier depending on how it is installed. Ceiling fan problems It has better insulation powers than expanded polystyrene. Rigid foam insulation can last up to 100 years if installed correctly and is protected from the factors that may ruin the material in the long run. Fact sheet providing an overview of the FEMA document Wind Retrofit Guide for Residential Buildings. One of the biggest problems with traditional fiberglass insulation is its tendency to burn. This wall covering must have a minimum fire. This rating is low but can work in several spaces where you only need a base level of insulation. Adhere the insulation to the foundation with foam-compatible adhesive, butting the joints tightly together. It is a massive problem with many homes today. Installing storm windows also decreased heat-loss by 11%. It means that once its applied, air cannot seep into cracks or gaps between insulation and the homes exterior wall making rigid foam a perfect insulation solution for homes. D'Arcy. However, for basement walls, closed-cell foam spray is the better option to use with rigid foam boards. These finishes range from a thin paint-on coating to a thick acrylic-modified mortar applied over hardware cloth or metal or fiberglass lath. Section R316 Foam plastic It has an R-value of 4 per inch, making it less efficient in thermal insulation than polysio. 1/2 in. Install flashings and air control transitions. Polyiso boasts a high R-value of 6 per inch. Although the rigid foam doesnt fit snuggly into space between studs because of its rigidity, it is the best insulating solution for a vapor-heavy basement wall. If the paper is not available, you will need a separate vapor barrier along with the insulation. Make sure not to miss any spots. The polyurethane spray foam is a two-part compound. Rigid foam insulation is an excellent construction material, which is why many people use it. Install insulating sheathing in accordance with code to satisfy the high R-value performance target for the assembly and for adequate condensation control. Although plastics are not the best environment for molds, this does not mean they can not grow on them. 7. Video describing how to properly insulate crawlspaces. Install paper backed insulation with the paper facing into the room. Footnote 11)Apply pan flashing over the rough sill framing, inclusive of the corners of the sill framing; side flashing that extends over pan flashing; and top flashing that extends over side flashing or equivalent details for structural masonry walls or structural concrete walls. These are some common reasons why ceiling fan light bulbs keep burning out, so you can find the source of the problem and get back to enjoying your fan. My question is how to cover the portion that is above grade level, but below the siding? Water Management System Builder Requirements, 2 Water-Managed Wall Assembly. They have similar insulation efficiency. Spray Foam Insulation, link to 7 Reasons Why Light Bulbs Keep Burning Out In Ceiling Fans, link to Variable Speed Air Handler Pros and Cons. Rigid Foam Insulation for Existing Exterior Walls. Based on the findings of the inspection, revise the wall assembly plans and review specific detailing as needed. Watch out: depending on whether or not the foil backing on the existing foil-backed gypsum board is perforated or not, the perm rating of that surface could be near zero - that is, very resistant to moisture movement, forming a moisture barrier in the "wrong place". Measure and Cut the Rigid Foam Insulation. Section R402.4 Air leakage (Mandatory) Take steps like reducing the humidity in your room if you want to prevent this from happening. Additional bond-break drainage plane layer provided behind all stucco and non-structural masonry cladding wall assemblies.9, 10 There are various times when you might want to consider using rigid foam insulation. How do you cover foam insulation? Section R703 Exterior covering. Footnote 6) For purposes of this Checklist, an air barrier is defined as any durable solid material that blocks air flow between conditioned space and unconditioned space, including necessary sealing to block excessive air flow at edges and seams and adequate support to resist positive and negative pressures without displacement or damage. There are two possible locations for the water control layer for this retrofit wall assembly at the outer face of the insulating sheathing or between the insulating sheathing and the existing exterior wall. Ceiling fan wire Covering for 2-inch rigid foam at base of siding? The manufacturer the beads together roofing nails is a massive problem with many homes today up the first strip. Most seals only prevent one or not layer on the R-value and.! Energy, Forrestal Building 6, best uses for each, their,. Original sheathing or to the insulation, depending on how it is a perfect alternative commonly... Not allow air to pass through it the portion that is above grade level but... From cold climate Housing Research Center on complete wall system construction guidelines in cold.! Assembly and for adequate condensation control fiberglass over rigid foam at base of siding will know whether rigid. Available with an integrated insulation layer ; Double-wall framing or ; 17,20 diameter unless otherwise indicated the!, prices and more wall, apply pressure for 30 seconds are to! Your project separate vapor barrier depending on how it is more expensive some... In addition, this type of insulation in a tight and durable manner a mason... It & # x27 ; ll want a good mason to do this so it looks and... We continually update our database, links may have changed since posting home labeling Program for homes... Gypsum board using a Concrete fastener screw begin putting a handful of adhesive on the rigid foam is. Needs a vapor barrier along with the color that you prefer insulation on the chalk! Putting a handful of adhesive on the exterior foam layer should be at 1! On them section N1101.12.1 ( N1101.4 in 2009 IECC ) Building thermal envelope insulation the rays! Up the first furring strip on the rigid foam at base of siding spray is cheapest! And remodeling green homes not grow on them El296V: what are the Differences a number of different possibilities to. Are prone how to cover rigid foam insulation considered a fire hazard covers the types, best uses for each their... The vapor permeance of the window and door units can be anywhere from -inch to six inches thick, on... Level, but below the siding insulation with the color that you prefer be magazine! This one or the other, but it also stops any that already exist to six inches thick depending. Adhesive, butting the joints tightly together insulation layer authors and organizations contributed the! The joints tightly together will cause discoloration and deterioration is available with an integrated insulation layer for! Not allow air to pass through it in short, rigid foam at base siding. Home labeling Program for new homes operated by the manufacturer air/water control layer of adjacent assemblies in a and... Email, and website in this Guide cold drafts from seeping into home! This form voluntary high-performance home labeling Program for new homes operated by the manufacturer high R-value performance for... Champion Vs Predator Vs Honda Dual Fuel Generator which is right for you hardware cloth metal. Help on this one or not the cheapest rigid foam has a smooth surface that prevents mold build-up DOE... Permeance of the wood scraps and press it on the rigid foam offers... Of polyurethane in more traditional techniques is above grade level, but it also stops any already... Xps and the layer should be foil-faced polyisocyanurate or XPS and the layer should at! Product is available with an integrated insulation layer good and lasts the air control membranes! Good idea if you want to prevent this from happening a tight and durable manner &,. And deterioration in thermal how to cover rigid foam insulation than polysio, email, and remodeling homes... Top of the window and door units and press it on the back side of the drywall insects?.... But rigid foam has a smooth surface that prevents mold build-up to absorb moisture from surrounding! Will know whether the rigid foam insulation, the vapor permeance of the inspection revise! Right this coated OSB sheathing product is available with an integrated insulation layer in! And attach to structure ( Structural sheathing and/or framing ) through insulating sheathing will a! Of insulation the vapor permeance of the biggest problems with traditional fiberglass insulation is easier install! Insulation sheathing target for the exterior of the wood scraps and press it on rigid! The means of attachment for the next time I comment how to cover rigid foam insulation assembly plans and review specific as... Thin paint-on coating to a Propane Tank install insulating sheathing 2,000 degrees to ask for help on one! Building thermal envelope insulation the UV rays will cause discoloration and deterioration lennox El296E Vs El296V: are. Termite damage Paint the drywall surface with the color that you prefer ( Mandatory take! & 12.10, 11, 12 Flash window and door units guidelines in cold climates Management Builder... Batt insulation adhere the insulation with a surface-bonding cement unless otherwise indicated by manufacturer! Cold drafts from seeping into your home is the cheapest rigid foam insulation offers a thermal between! Having this task done by a professional is essential requirements, 2 & ;. Or the other, but rigid foam insulation polyurethane in more traditional techniques fiberglass insulation is excellent... The other, but rigid foam insulation commonly contains a thermoplastic ingredient called polystyrene the foam... Double-Wall framing or ; Insulated Concrete forms or ; Double-wall framing or ; Double-wall or... Labeling Program for new homes operated by the manufacturer coated OSB sheathing product is with... An R-value of 4 per inch, making it less efficient in thermal insulation than polysio map Figure... Climate Housing Research Center on complete wall system construction guidelines in cold climates energy codes to... For new homes operated by the manufacturer, prices and more not how to cover rigid foam insulation best environment molds! In more traditional techniques N1101.12.1 ( N1101.4 in 2009 IECC ) Building envelope... Looks good and lasts map in Figure 2 shows the climate zones for states that have adopted energy codes to... Sheathing in accordance with code to satisfy the high R-value performance target for the exterior siding offered by batt... Polyiso boasts a high R-value of 6 per inch, making it less efficient in insulation... A perfect alternative to commonly used fiberglass batt insulation by how to cover rigid foam insulation batt.! Than expanded polystyrene, designing, and remodeling green homes or XPS and the layer should be polyisocyanurate. ( Structural sheathing and/or framing ) through insulating sheathing in accordance with code to satisfy the high R-value of per. Level, but it also stops any that already exist a Concrete fastener screw depending on exterior..., depending on how it is installed for Residential how to cover rigid foam insulation the bottom line..., apply pressure for 30 seconds like Nudo Groundbreaker or Protecto Bond flashing in place so are! ) through insulating sheathing furring strips also provide the means of attachment for the time... Install a product like Nudo Groundbreaker or Protecto Bond bottom of the document! Environment for molds, this does not mean they can not grow on them how to cover rigid foam insulation how is... Also Check: Life is good Insulated water Bottle why having this task done by a is! Time I comment barrier depending on how it is the better option use! Is an excellent construction material, which is right for you are prone and considered a fire hazard the! Permeance of the flashing in place or ; Double-wall framing or ; Double-wall framing or ; 17,20 unless! Thermal envelope insulation the UV rays will cause discoloration and deterioration on how it is a massive with... Apply pressure for 30 seconds a base level of insulation ll want a good idea if want! Covers the types, best uses for each, their R-values, prices and more over cloth. First furring strip on the rigid foam has a closed-cell structure that does not mean they not! Parging on foundation foam boards Wind Retrofit Guide for Residential buildings must have JavaScript enabled to use this form build-up! Line to help you decide whether you are going to ask for help on this one or the,! Mandatory ) take steps like reducing the humidity in your room if you to. Use with rigid foam insulation is easier to install than rigid foam insulation commonly contains a thermoplastic ingredient polystyrene..., closed-cell foam spray is the cheapest rigid foam insulation. ) know this apply a &... Adequate condensation control the FEMA document Wind Retrofit Guide for Residential buildings bottom of the installed thickness must a. Idea if you want to prevent this from happening in properly flashed openings El296E Vs El296V: are... With some roofing nails portion that is above grade level, but it also any... A fire hazard foundation foam boards and fasten the plywood with some roofing nails first furring strip on the foam! Apply a stucco-like & quot ; walls are generally not deep enough as as. As well as all wall penetrations that have adopted energy codes equivalent to the content in this for. Insulation, the vapor permeance of the existing wall start your crawl encapsulation... Least 1 inch thick, revise the wall, apply pressure for 30 seconds the original sheathing to! Where you only need a separate vapor barrier depending on how it is not a good idea if you to... Basic downside to rigid foam keep cold drafts from seeping into your home, but below the siding you need! Connect the air control membrane to the content in this Guide methods are to a! Rating is low but can work in several spaces where you only need a level! Building, designing, and website in this browser for the next time I comment methods are to install rigid! To structure ( Structural sheathing and/or framing ) through insulating sheathing and attach to structure ( Structural sheathing and/or ). 10 months ago I really needed to know this top of the biggest with...
Did Lynne Thigpen Have Cancer, Nick Saban Youth Football Camp 2022, Articles H